Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infertility in females. The hormonal imbalances experienced by women with PCOS prevent ovulation from occurring at all. Without ovulation, pregnancy cannot occur without the use of fertility treatments. Others experience irregular menstrual cycles, which makes it challenging to know when ovulation is occurring and when the woman is most fertile.

There are a variety of fertility treatment options, but those who struggle with fertility often end up pursuing in vitro fertilization.